304/304L bakin karfe bututu yana daya daga cikin muhimman albarkatun kasa wajen kera kayan bututun bakin karfe. 304/304L bakin karfe ne na kowa chromium-nickel alloy bakin karfe tare da mai kyau lalata juriya da kuma high zafin jiki juriya, wanda shi ne sosai dace da yi na bututu kayan aiki.
304 bakin karfe yana da kyakkyawan juriya na iskar shaka da juriya na lalata, kuma yana iya kiyaye kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfin tsarin sa a cikin mahallin sinadarai iri-iri. Bugu da ƙari, yana da kyakkyawan aikin sarrafawa da taurin kai, wanda ya dace da aikin sanyi da zafi, kuma yana iya saduwa da bukatun masana'antu na daban-daban na kayan aiki na bututu.
Kayan aikin bututu na bakin karfe, musamman kayan aikin bututu maras kyau, suna da manyan buƙatu don kayan kuma suna buƙatar samun hatimi mai kyau da juriya. 304 bakin karfe bututu ne sau da yawa amfani da kerarre daban-daban bututu kayan aiki saboda da babban ƙarfi, lalata juriya da santsi na ciki surface, kamar gwiwar hannu, tees, flanges, manya da kanana shugabannin, da dai sauransu.
A takaice,304 bakin karfe bututuyana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kera kayan aikin bututu na bakin karfe, suna ba da kyakkyawan aiki da ingantaccen inganci, kuma suna ba da garanti mai mahimmanci don aiki mai aminci da dorewa na kayan aikin bututu.
Saboda haka, kafin barin masana'anta a cikin tsarin samar da kayan aiki, dole ne a yi gwaje-gwaje akai-akai kuma dole ne ya cika ka'idodin da ake bukata don samar da kayan aikin bututu. Anan akwai wasu hanyoyin duba aiki na 304/304Lbakin karfe bututu.
01.Gwajin lalata
304 bakin karfe bututu ya kamata a fuskanci gwajin juriya bisa ga daidaitaccen tanadi ko hanyar lalata da bangarorin biyu suka amince.
Gwajin lalatawar intergranular: Dalilin wannan gwajin shine don gano ko wani abu yana da hali na lalata intergranular. Lalacewar intergranular wani nau'in lalata ne wanda ke haifar da fashewar lalacewa a iyakokin hatsi na abu, a ƙarshe yana haifar da gazawar abu.
Gwajin lalata damuwa:Manufar wannan gwajin shine don gwada juriya na lalata kayan a cikin damuwa da yanayin lalata. Lalacewar damuwa wani nau'i ne na lalata mai hatsarin gaske wanda ke haifar da tsagewa a cikin wuraren da aka danne kayan, yana haifar da karyewa.
Gwajin Pitting:Manufar wannan gwajin ita ce a gwada ƙarfin abu don tsayayya da rami a cikin yanayin da ke ɗauke da ions chloride. Lalacewar rami wani nau'i ne na lalata wanda ke haifar da ƙananan ramuka a saman kayan kuma a hankali yana faɗaɗa don haifar da tsagewa.
Gwajin lalata Uniform:Manufar wannan gwajin ita ce a gwada juriyar juriya na kayan gabaɗaya a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Lalacewar Uniform tana nufin samuwar iri ɗaya na yadudduka oxide ko samfuran lalata a saman kayan.
Lokacin yin gwaje-gwaje na lalata, ya zama dole don zaɓar yanayin gwajin da ya dace, kamar matsakaicin lalata, zafin jiki, matsa lamba, lokacin fallasa, da sauransu. , metallographic bincike da sauran hanyoyin a kan samfurin.
02.Duba aikin aiwatarwa
Gwajin walƙiya: yana gano ikon nakasar bututun a madaidaiciyar hanya.
Gwajin ƙwanƙwasa: Yana auna ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓaka kayan abu.
Gwajin tasiri: Yi la'akari da tauri da juriya na kayan aiki.
Gwajin flaring: gwada juriya na bututu zuwa nakasawa yayin fadadawa.
Gwajin taurin: Auna ƙimar taurin abu.
Gwajin Metallographic: lura da ƙananan tsarin da canjin lokaci na kayan.
Gwajin lankwasawa: Yi la'akari da lalacewa da gazawar bututu yayin lankwasawa.
Gwajin mara lalacewa: gami da gwajin eddy na yanzu, gwajin X-ray da gwajin ultrasonic don gano lahani da lahani a cikin bututu.
03.Kimiyya
Ana iya yin nazarin sinadarai na kayan sinadarai na bututun bakin karfe 304 na bututun bakin karfe ta hanyar bincike na gani, nazarin sinadarai, nazarin bakan makamashi da sauran hanyoyin.
Daga cikin su, ana iya ƙayyade nau'in da abun ciki na abubuwa a cikin kayan ta hanyar auna nau'in kayan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade nau'in da abun ciki na abubuwa ta hanyar narkar da sinadarai, redox, da sauransu, sannan ta hanyar titration ko bincike na kayan aiki. Ƙwararren makamashi hanya ce mai sauri da sauƙi don ƙayyade nau'i da adadin abubuwan da ke cikin abu ta hanyar burge shi tare da katako na lantarki sannan kuma gano sakamakon X-ray ko halayen halayen.
Domin 304 bakin karfe bututu, da kayan sinadaran abun da ke ciki ya kamata hadu da misali bukatun, kamar Sin misali GB/T 14976-2012 "bakin sumul karfe bututu ga ruwa sufuri", wanda ya kayyade daban-daban sinadaran abun da ke ciki Manuniya na 304 bakin karfe bututu. , kamar carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen da sauran abubuwan abun ciki kewayon. Lokacin yin nazarin sinadarai, waɗannan ƙa'idodi ko lambobi suna buƙatar amfani da su azaman tushe don tabbatar da cewa sinadarai na kayan sun cika buƙatu.
Iron (Fe): Margin
Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08% (304L abun ciki na carbon≤ 0.03%)
Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00%
Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00%
Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.045%
Sulfur (S): 0.030%
Chromium (Cr): 18.00% - 20.00%
Nickel (Ni): 8.00% - 10.50%
Waɗannan dabi'un suna cikin kewayon da ake buƙata ta ƙa'idodi na gabaɗaya, kuma takamaiman ƙayyadaddun sinadarai ana iya daidaita su daidai da ma'auni daban-daban (misali ASTM, GB, da sauransu) da takamaiman buƙatun samfur na masana'anta.
04.Barometric da hydrostatic gwajin
Gwajin gwajin ruwa da gwajin karfin iska na 304bakin karfe bututuana amfani da su don gwada juriya da ƙarfin iska na bututu.
Gwajin Hydrostatic:
Shirya samfurin: Zaɓi samfurin da ya dace don tabbatar da cewa tsayi da diamita na samfurin sun dace da bukatun gwaji.
Haɗa samfurin: Haɗa samfurin zuwa injin gwajin ruwa don tabbatar da cewa an kulle haɗin da kyau.
Fara gwajin: Zuba ruwa a ƙayyadadden matsa lamba a cikin samfurin kuma riƙe shi na ƙayyadadden lokaci. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, gwajin gwajin shine 2.45Mpa, kuma lokacin riƙewa ba zai iya zama ƙasa da daƙiƙa biyar ba.
Bincika don leaks: Kula da samfurin don zub da jini ko wasu rashin daidaituwa yayin gwajin.
Yi rikodin sakamakon: Yi rikodin matsa lamba da sakamakon gwajin, kuma bincika sakamakon.
Gwajin Barometric:
Shirya samfurin: Zaɓi samfurin da ya dace don tabbatar da cewa tsayi da diamita na samfurin sun dace da bukatun gwaji.
Haɗa samfurin: Haɗa samfurin zuwa injin gwajin matsa lamba don tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren haɗin yana rufe da kyau.
Fara gwajin: Zuba iska a ƙayyadadden matsa lamba a cikin samfurin kuma riƙe shi na ƙayyadadden lokaci. Yawanci, gwajin gwajin shine 0.5Mpa, kuma ana iya daidaita lokacin riƙewa kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Bincika don leaks: Kula da samfurin don zub da jini ko wasu rashin daidaituwa yayin gwajin.
Yi rikodin sakamakon: Yi rikodin matsa lamba da sakamakon gwajin, kuma bincika sakamakon.
Ya kamata a lura cewa gwajin ya kamata a yi a cikin yanayi mai dacewa da yanayi, kamar zazzabi, zafi da sauran sigogi ya kamata su dace da bukatun gwaji. A lokaci guda, wajibi ne a kula da aminci yayin gudanar da gwaje-gwaje don kauce wa yanayin da ba zato ba tsammani yayin gwajin.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-26-2023